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Efficiently Replenishes Glycogen* Supports Mitochondrial Function & ATP Synthesis* Attenuates Muscle Protein Breakdown* Augments Muscle Protein Synthesis* Sustained Pump, Performance & Endurance* Reduced DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)* Enhanced Recovery* The Perfect Adjunct To Gorilla Mode EAA’s Gorilla Mode ‘Intra’ is our upgraded and fully loaded peri-workout formula (formerly post-workout) to support both intra-workout performance, and post-workout recovery. While certainly not mandatory, a focus on peri-workout supplementation is typically most valuable in the following scenarios: Fasted Training High Volume Training Long Distance Endurance Training Training Layoff DOMS Reduction Advanced Bodybuilding, Powerlifting, CrossFit & Other High Demand Athletics With ‘Intra’, we aimed to eliminate all guesswork and inconvenience by creating a comprehensive formula that’s easy on the stomach, rapidly replenishes glycogen, supports mitochondrial function and ATP synthesis, augments the muscle building process, attenuates muscle protein breakdown, accelerates overall recovery, and tastes incredible so you actually look forward to drinking it. These are the components of this formula and how they support that: FAST DIGESTING & SYNERGISTIC CARBOHYDRATES: Your body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream to be taken up by cells. Once inside cells, glucose undergoes a process called glycogenesis, which is the formation of glycogen, the body’s primary fuel source. The difference in exercise performance capacity, and even the difference cosmetically with muscular fullness, when glycogen is topped out vs. depleted, is night and day. In general, many can go into an average workout adequately fueled, and perform just fine without any attention paid to anything intra-workout except their fluid intake. However, for many others, it may be prudent to incorporate peri-workout carbs not just to attenuate glycogen depletion, but also to shuttle complementary nutrients and/or flux electrolytes into cells. With that said, carbohydrate selection peri-workout needs to be conducive to the goal of rapid repletion, with minimal GI stress. This is where our Carbohydrate Complex shines, by replenishing Glycogen efficiently with a synergistic combination of fast digesting Cluster Dextrin™ (Highly Branched Cyclic Dextrin), Dextrose, and Fructose. Cluster Dextrin™: Due to its high molecular weight and low osmolality, Highly Branched Cyclic Dextrin appears to provide an ergogenic advantage over other carbohydrate sources via faster gastric emptying and faster absorption [R]. Dextrose & Fructose: In conjunction, the complementary Dextrose + Fructose combination is more acutely insulinogenic, further assimilating glycogen, but also driving more aggressive nutrient shuttling intra-workout (e.g. increasing amino acid uptake from complementary EAA’s). When ingested in the form of glucose–fructose mixtures, not only is the ingestion rate necessary to rapidly replete more tolerable due to lower gut discomfort, but total body glycogen status can also be enhanced over glucose (polymer) ingestion alone, due to greater liver glycogen repletion [R]. ELECTROLYTES: Water and electrolytes work hand in hand to maintain cellular balance and hydration, which is important for sustaining high-performance levels. When we exercise, we sweat and release large amounts of electrolytes and trace elements that our bodies rely on. Replenishing and maintaining an optimal ratio between them is essential for optimal performance and health. Only a 2% loss in fluids can result in as much as a 20% decrease in exercise performance. Many athletes do not optimize their hydration status, even when given unlimited access to fluid. Featuring 1000 mg Sodium, 400 mg Potassium, 80 mg Magnesium Bisglycinate, and trace Calcium, ‘Intra’ was also designed to backfill depleted electrolytes and flux them into cells. OSMOTIC REGULATORS: Osmotic regulators, also known as osmolytes, are compounds that cells use to maintain fluid balance and osmotic pressure in the body. Osmolytes can enhance exercise performance via improved cellular hydration, cell volume maintenance, thermal regulation, stress resilience, energy metabolism, and fatigue reduction. We chose 3 of the most effective osmolytes to include in ‘Intra’. Creatine Monohydrate: Supplementing with creatine has shown time and time again to significantly improve strength, power output and muscle size [R]. Creatine’s effect on muscle size is facilitated by drawing water into the muscle via osmosis, consequently increasing body weight and muscle size. In addition, with the increased strength creatine provides, heavier weights can be used in the gym which provide more stimulus for growth, consequently increasing muscle accrual in the long-term. Creatine supplementation also appears to increase the number of myonuclei that satellite cells will donate to damaged muscle fibers, which increases the potential for growth of those fibers [R]. Betaine Anhydrous: Betaine, also called Trimethylglycine, acts as a methyl donor and an osmolyte in the body. For some individuals (depending on PEMT gene variations) Betaine can substitute for folate and B12 in the regeneration of methionine and can be choline sparing via this mechanism. It can also provide additional needed methyl donors when over-depletion occurs in genetically predisposed individuals. As an osmolyte, Betaine helps balance fluid levels inside and outside of cells. Betaine supplementation has also shown to increase power, endurance, muscle growth and fat loss [R, R, R]. Taurine: Taurine regulates cell volume, cell membrane stability and calcium homeostasis. It also appears to have significant antioxidant effects. In the context of its impact on muscular endurance capacity, which is its primary use case in an exercise performance context, Taurine appears to improve the efficiency of ATP turnover in the muscle cell via antioxidant driven stabilizing effects in the mitochondrial matrix [R]. Taurine supplementation has been linked to enhanced muscle function, potentially due to its role in boosting the capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to store calcium, which is crucial for initiating muscle contractions. Additionally, Taurine might enhance the responsiveness of the muscle's contractile proteins—actin and myosin—to calcium, potentially leading to stronger muscle contractions [R]. MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION & ATP SYNTHESIS: Mitochondrial function is essential for producing Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency in cells, which fuels muscle contractions during exercise. Efficient mitochondria can generate ATP more effectively, enhancing endurance and delaying fatigue, which is crucial for both high-intensity and endurance sports. Mitochondrial dysfunction can produce extreme fatigue, and several other decrements in both mental and physical performance. We included 3 compounds in ‘Intra’ to support mitochondrial function, ATP production, and exercise performance. D-Ribose: D-Ribose is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in the mitochondria. Supplemental D-Ribose has been shown to improve cellular processes when there is mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing ATP production [R]. It is often used to support athletic performance, as well as to reduce cramping and stiffness following exercise. Creatine Monohydrate: In addition to volumizing the muscle and the various other attributes of Creatine, it is also a potent ATP production precursor. Creatine’s effect on strength is facilitated by increasing the body’s stores of phosphocreatine, which is then used during high intensity exercise to produce ATP [R, R]. L-Ornithine HCl: We included Ornithine to support energy consumption efficiency and promote the excretion of ammonia.Blood ammonia increases during exercise, and it has been suggested that this increase is both a central and peripheral fatigue factor [R, R]. Ornithine is key in the urea cycle, a process that converts excess ammonia into urea in the mitochondria of liver cells. Evidence suggests that Ornithine supplementation can improve athletic performance by enhancing ammonia elimination, subsequently producing a notable anti-fatigue effect [R, R].